β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (aside yigenga) (NAD)
NAD ni coenzyme isanzwe cyane ya dehydrogenase mu binyabuzima. Igira uruhare mu bikorwa bya redox mu binyabuzima, kandi igatwara kandi igatwara elektroni mu bintu biri muri ibyo bikorwa. Dehydrogenase igira uruhare runini mu mikorere y'umubiri w'umuntu. Ingendo zimwe na zimwe z'ibanze za metabolism mu mubiri w'umuntu, nko kubora kwa poroteyine, kubora kwa karubohidrati, no kubora kw'ibinure, ntizishobora gukorwa mu buryo busanzwe hatabayeho dehydrogenase, kandi abantu bazatakaza ibimenyetso by'ubuzima. Kandi kubera ko guhuza NAD na dehydrogenase bishobora guteza imbere metabolism, bityo NAD ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'umubiri w'umuntu. Dukurikije ikoreshwa ry'ibicuruzwa, ishobora kugabanywamo ibice bikurikira: urwego rwa biotransformation, urwego rwa reagent de diagnostic, urwego rw'ibiribwa by'ubuzima, API n'ibikoresho fatizo byo gutegura.
| Izina ry'Ubutabire | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (aside y'ubuntu) |
| Amagambo asa | β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
| Nimero ya CAS | 53-84-9 |
| Uburemere bwa molekile | 663.43 |
| Formula ya Molecular | C21H27N7O14P2 |
| EINECS 号: | 200-184-4 |
| Aho gushonga | 140-142 °C (gukuraho) |
| ubushyuhe bwo kubika. | -20°C |
| gushonga | H2O: 50 mg/mL |
| ifishi | Ifu |
| ibara | Umweru |
| Merck | 14,6344 |
| BRN | 3584133 |
| Ituze: | Ihamye. Ifite ubwiza bwa Hygroscopic. Ntihuza n'ibintu bikomeye bigabanya ubushyuhe. |
| InChIKey | BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-WWRWIPRPSA-N |
| Ikintu cy'igerageza | Ibisobanuro |
| Isura | Ifu y'umweru kuva ku ibara ry'umweru kugeza ku ibara ry'umweru |
| Isesengura rya spectrale ya UV εkuri 260 nm na pH 7.5 | (18±1.0)×10³ L/mol/cm |
| Gushonga | 25mg/mL 25mg/mL mu mazi |
| Ibikubiye muri iki gipimo (binyuze mu isesengura rya enzyme hamwe na ADH kuri pH 10, hakoreshejwe spectrophotometer, abs.340nm, ku buryo budafite amazi) | ≥98.0% |
| Isuzuma (rikozwe na HPLC, rishingiye ku mazi) | 98.0~102.0% |
| Ubuziranenge (na HPLC, %agace) | ≥99.0% |
| Ingano y'amazi (kuri KF) | ≤3% |
Pake:Icupa, agapfunyika ka aluminiyumu, 25kg/Ingoma ya Karito, cyangwa hakurikijwe ibyo umukiriya asabwa.
Imiterere y'ububiko:Bika ahantu hafunganye neza mu mwijima, kugira ngo bibikwe igihe kirekire, bibike kuri 2 ~ 8°C.
Ingano ya Biotransformation: Ishobora gukoreshwa mu guhuza biocatalytic hagati y’imiti na API, cyane cyane hamwe na enzymes catalytic, nka ketoreductase (KRED), nitroreductase (NTR), P450 monooxygenase (CYP), formate dehydrogenase (FDH) ), glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), nibindi, bishobora gukorana mu guhindura aside amine zitandukanye n’indi miti ifitanye isano. Kuri ubu, inganda nyinshi z’imiti zo mu gihugu zatangiye gukoresha enzymes zo gusimbura biologique, kandi isoko ry’ubukene bwa NAD+ ririmo kwiyongera cyane.
Icyiciro cy'ibisubizo byo gusuzuma: Bihujwe n'ubwoko butandukanye bwa enzymes zo gusuzuma, nk'ibikoresho fatizo by'ibikoresho byo gusuzuma.
Ingano y'ibiribwa by'ubuzima: NAD ni coenzyme ya dehydrogenase. Igira uruhare rudasimburwa muri glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, cycle ya aside tricarboxylic, n'uruhererekane rw'ubuhumekero, igira uruhare runini mu gukora ingufu, kandi igafasha mu gukora L-dopa, iba dopamine Neurotransmitters. Cyane cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha, byagaragaye ko ari "moteri" na "lisansi" mu gusana ibyangiritse by'uturemangingo. Dukurikije ubushakashatsi, kongeramo coenzymes (harimo NMN, NR, NAD, NADH) muri vitro bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwa antioxydant bw'uturemangingo, kubuza apoptosis gutanga ibimenyetso, kugarura imikorere isanzwe y'uturemangingo, gukumira indwara cyangwa kubuza indwara kwiyongera.
Byongeye kandi, coenzymes zishobora kongera ubushobozi bw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri binyuze mu gukora no guteza imbere gukura kw'uturemangingo tw'umubiri, gukora ibintu birwanya ububyimbirwe no guhagarika uturemangingo twa T. Nicotinamide dinucleotide oxidation state (NAD+) ni coenzyme iboneka mu turemangingo twose tuzima. Igira uruhare runini mu mikorere amagana ya metabolic mu turemangingo, igira uruhare mu bikorwa ibihumbi by'imikorere y'umubiri, kandi ni yo ngingo y'ingenzi cyane mu ruhererekane rw'amashanyarazi. Umutanga wa hydrogen; muri icyo gihe, coenzyme I ikora nk'igice cyonyine cy'imisemburo ifitanye isano mu mubiri, igafasha gukomeza imikorere ya enzymes.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) ni yo mvange y’imiterere ya nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidation state (NAD+), igira uruhare mu gukora NAD mu mubiri. Mu 2013, Porofeseri David Sinclair wo mu Ishuri ry’Ubuganga rya Harvard yasanze uko imyaka igenda ishira, urwego rwa cofactor coenzyme I (NAD+) rwa poroteyine yo kuramba mu mubiri rukomeza kugabanuka, bigatuma imikorere ya "dynamo" y’uturemangingo igabanuka, bigatera gusaza, ndetse n’ibintu bitandukanye mu mubiri. Gukora nabi k’ubu bwoko bw’imikorere rero birakorwa. Dukurikije ubushakashatsi bwe, ingano ya NAD+ mu mubiri w’umuntu igabanuka uko imyaka igenda ishira, bigatuma gusaza kwihuta kuva ku myaka 30, hamwe n’iminkanyari, imitsi iruhuka, ibinure byiyongera, ndetse n’indwara nk’indwara z’umutima, umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso, indwara zo gucika imitsi, diyabete n’indwara ya Alzheimer byongera ibyago byo kuramba. Icy’ingenzi cyo kuramba ni ukongera urugero rwa coenzyme I (NAD+) mu mubiri, kongera umuvuduko w’imikorere y’uturemangingo, no gushishikariza imbaraga z’ubuto.
API n'ibikoresho fatizo byo gutegura: NAD+ ikoreshwa mu gutera inshinge zo kuvura/kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge, harimo no kuvura indwara ya NAD IV ikoreshwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, i Burayi, mu Burusiya, muri Afurika y'Epfo, muri Megizike, muri Amerika y'Epfo, muri Aziya y'Amajyepfo n'ahandi. Ibikoresho bya farumasi byiteguye, bisa na farumasi zo muri Amerika, bishobora kugura ibikoresho fatizo byo gutanga ubwabyo, kimwe n'ibikorerwa mu bitaro by'Abashinwa, bigenzura ubwiza bw'ibikoresho fatizo ubwabyo, kandi bigategura imiti.
